Disasters are known to change people’s lives, both victims and their carers. Rescue and relief workers are also significantly affected by the psychological consequences of disasters. To assess the psychological impact of 8th Oct 2005 earthquake of Pakistan on the health care providers who worked in the affected areas. A group of health care providers who worked in the disaster affected areas for 6 months, belonging to the Armed Forces were approached through the heads of their organizations after a lapse of this time period. Since there is a central computerized record of all the personnel who worked in the relief work, it was relatively easy to track down the participants who provided relief work in earthquake of Oct 2005. The participants were initially contacted on phone and then subsequently interviewed and asked to make responses to a battery of psychological instruments and questionnaires, designed to measure different psychosocial distresses and disorders at 10 years post-earthquake. The data collected was compared with an age and gender matched controls. The results showed General Health Questionnaire – 28 (GHQ-28) ‘Caseness’ in 79.3% of the cases, Impact of Events Scale (IES) measured psychological distress in 27.1% of the cases, Compassion Fatigue Questionnaire (CFQ) established emotional fatigue in 75% of cases and 68.3% of controls and poor Social Support was established in 15.2% of the exposed group. Moreover, the difference amongst the scores of Exposed Group and the Controls were statistically significant (p=0.04). The GHQ-28 positive cases showed high scores on IES (33.3% scored above the cut-off score) and CFQ (77.7% reported emotional fatigue) and poor scores on SSQ (17.8% reported unsatisfactory social support). Caregivers and relief workers are at risk of developing psychological distress and compassion fatigue in disaster situations. Inadequate logistics and more than 20 days of stay in the affected areas are associated with increased risk of traumatization that is palpable even after a period of 10 years. Adequate disaster management planning is necessary to facilitate performance of the relief workers and prevention of secondary traumatization

Studies to date have shown the contribution of an athletes’ genetic endowment in athletic performance. Although these studies revealed that cognitive abilities influence athletes’ competitive performance, there are only a few studies trying to investigate the association between genetic polymorphisms, which is associated with cognitive ability, and athletic performance. In the present study, we aimed investigate the link between dopamine receptor-2 (DRD2) gene rs1800497 polymorphism, which is known to exert influences on brain dopaminergic system and athletic performance of volleyball players and bodybuilders. In this regard, we enrolled 9 female volleyball players and 15 active bodybuilders in the study. Real-time PCR methodology was used for genotyping. The respective numbers and percentages of A1A1, A1A2 and A2A2 genotypes in bodybuilders were 2 (13%), 1 (7%) and 12 (80%). All the volleyball players had A2A2 genotypes. The results have revealed that addiction related A1 allele is underrepresented in volleyball players and bodybuilders. These first findings indicate that the polygenic or multifactorial mechanism may explain effect of cognitive abilities in athletes’ performance.

Neglect and abuse experienced during childhood have many negative consequences including psychosocial, medical and societal. Recent studies have shown that negative experiences in the early periods of life affect the developing brain structure. Studies using brain imaging and biochemical techniques allow for a better understanding of the neurobiological consequences of neglect and abuse experienced during childhood. In addition, neurobiological consequences of early stress play an influential role in the emergence of psychiatric disorders. In this study, it was aimed to review the neuro-hormonal effects (changes in the HPA axis) and changes in the brain areas (hippocampus, corpus callosum and amygdala) of the traumatic event experienced during childhood.

Choroidal fissure cyst (CFC), an intracranial space-occupying mass, is often incidentally identified and generally regarded not to present with overt clinical signs. The concurrence of space-occupying lesions with psychotic disorders have been reported in numerous cases; however, to the best of our knowledge, co-occurrent CFC and schizophrenia have not been published before in the literature. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been frequently considered relatively contraindicated in patients with spaceoccupying lesions in the brain; nevertheless, in the last few years, increased numbers of studies encourage clinicians to treat drugresistant psychiatric patients with ECT. Here we present 21-year-old male patient, who has been diagnosed with antipsychoticresistant schizophrenia with a coincidental CFC who have been clinically improved by bilateral and modified nine sessions of ECT. It is recommended to be deliberate if ECT will be applied to the patients with intracranial mass on the treatment phase. ECT may cause some side effects by increasing intracranial pressure on the patients, including rupture of cystic lesions. However, recent publications stated that ECT could be used safely in cysts, which do not cause edema or intracranial pressure increase. Our patient has not been presented any intracranial pressure signs nor neurological deficits. This report supports the safety and efficacy of ECT in the treatment of psychiatric disorders accompanied by intracranial structural lesions; nevertheless, all the risks ought to be taken into account cautiously when ECT becomes an issue for the psychiatric patients with intracranial mass and the opinion of neurosurgeons should be taken with calculating the benefit-loss ratio.

Cerebral palsy is a problem of movement and posture and caused by lesion in immature brain. Normal brain has normal influences on lower centers and normal development in movements and postures. There are different sensory motor approaches like Bobath, Brunnstorm, Rood and PNF (Properioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitations) in recovery of motor function in patients with upper motor neuron lesions. The backgrounds of these treatments can be explained by different theories like neurodevelopmental theory, reflex theory, hierarchical theory and system approach. Repetitions of normal movements generate the new areas in the brain to control the activities. Integration of reflex activity should be essential part of rehabilitation and physical development of children with cerebral palsy.

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Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) is an emerging concept related to internet and social media usage. FOMO is described as feelinganxiety when the person does not use social media. Studies showed that FOMO affects well-being negatively. In this study, weaimed to build a Turkish scale for measuring FOMO. For this, 31 items were prepared and in the final scale 22 items were retained.The reliability and validity measures were found to be adequate. For the future studies, we recommend to test the scale also withthe adolescent population and to explore the relationship between FOMO and well-being.

Flow state emerges when a person engages in autotelic activities, which are both enjoyable and challenging. While studies generally focused on qualitative data of flow state, a few were conducted on psychophysiological basis of it. Present study aimed to investigate EEG correlates of flow. Twenty participants preliminarily filled out Flow Short Scale Turkish Version and completed a ping-pong game at two levels (slow-boring and fast-flow) during EEG recording. The results revealed that theta power was significantly greater for all regions during flow condition compared to non-flow condition and delta power was significantly greater during flow on central and parietal regions. There is no difference between flow/non-flow conditions for coherence. A positive correlation was found between delta and theta powers and subscales scores of Flow Short Scale. The increases in these theta and delta frequency bands could be important indicators of flow state. The coherence results revealed that interhemispheric synchronization was not modified by flow. If confirmed with multiple tasks and in clinical groups, EEG correlates of flow state could be useful increase performance and well-being.

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is chronic, metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia. It has been widely observed that large proportion of patients show psychological resistance to the initiation of insulin treatment, and as a result they are exposed to many complications of diabetes. It was aimed to identify the perceptions and beliefs that cause psychological insulin resistance among Type 2 DM diagnosed patients, to determine relationship between sociodemographic data and these perceptions & beliefs. In research, 120 patients diagnosed with type 2 DM were included followed by outpatient clinic of Bursa Þevket Yýlmaz State Hospital Internal Medicine Unit. Patients were evaluated with socio-demographic information form, diabetes-related problem areas scale (PAID), insulin treatment assessment scale (ITAS), state and trait anxiety inventory (STAI), beck depression inventory (BDI). The average PAID score of patients is 63.75±13.88, BDI scores: 15.16±8.25, State Anxiety Inventory (SAI) subscale scores: 41.96±3.74, Trait Anxiety Inventory (TAI) subscale scores: 46.80±5.52. Correlation was found between age, duration of diabetes, sex, marital status, education level, employment status, type of treatment, the level of importance of blood sugar regulation, the difficulty level of blood glucose adjustment,complications, currently treatment for depression and certain items of ITAS. Similarly, relationship was found between certain items of ITAS and total PAID scores, SAI subscale scores, TAI subscalescores. As a result, it has been found that patients have psychological resistant to start insulin therapy and this is caused by large number of negative perceptions and thoughts. Cognitive interventions for perceptions and thoughts can reduce psychological resistance to insulin therapy.

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a mental disorder characterized by obsessions and/or compulsions. Athough some epidemiological studies take part in literature, which claim that traumatic life events in childhood ages are observed more in patients with OCD compared to healthy population, the number of these studies is limited.In this study it is aimed to compare OCD patients with healthy volunteers in terms of traumatic life events in childhood ages. With 25 consecutive patients who are diagnosed as OCD and whose treatment continues, 25 healthy controls equivalented in terms of sociodemographic features are icluded in the study. Sociodemographic Data Form, Childhood Age Trauma Quarter (CTQ) and Maudley Obsessive Compulsive Question List (MOCQL) are applied to the participants. Significance Value in statistical level is accepted as p< 0,05. In OCD patient group, CTQ scores are found high in statistical level compared to healthy controls.It has been determined that there is a significant relationship between total score of MOCQL slowness subscale scores, subscalescores of sexual and emotional abuse, MOCQL rumination subscale scores and CTQ sexual abuse scores. Compared to healthy controls,more findings of traumatic life event in childhood age are observed within OCD patients.