Aim: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a common psychiatric disorder that usually begins in adolescence. The fact that it is frequently seen together with other psychiatric disorders, its symptoms overlap with different mental illnesses, and the diagnosis is primarily based on clinical interviews and psychometric scales makes it difficult to diagnose obsessive-compulsive disorder. In this context, it is aimed to contribute to the objective diagnostic processes of OCD with biomarker and artificial intelligencesupported approaches. Materials and Methods: In this study, individuals diagnosed with OCD were classified from healthy individuals using two different hybrid deep learning models: Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) and Transformer Encoder (TE) with one-dimensional convolutional neural networks (1DCNN), respectively. Results: In the 1DCNN-TE model, false negatives (11) and false positives (1) remain at low levels, while in the 1DCNN-GRU model, these values are 30 and 95, respectively. While the training and test accuracy of the 1DCNN-TE model is over 95%, the accuracy of the 1DCNN-GRU model has reached over 90%. While the training and test losses tend to decrease in both models, the fluctuations in the test loss are more pronounced in the 1DCNN-TE model. Conclusion: The results indicate that both deep learning models could classify OCD with high accuracy based on EEG signals and successfully learn discriminative features. However, the fluctuations observed in the test data and errors in detecting the control group have indicated limitations regarding the models’ generalizability and reliability on new data.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate mass psychogenic illness (MPI) across various institutional settings worldwide, identifying its triggering factors and symptom profiles. Additionally, it sought to analyze the organizational and psychosocial factors contributing to MPI outbreaks and to propose recommendations for their prevention. Method: The research was based on a dataset comprising peer-reviewed articles published between 2000 and 2025, written in English and documenting MPI cases within specific institutional contexts. A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases. Employing qualitative content analysis, 14 case studies were evaluated through descriptive and thematic approaches, focusing on institutional categories, triggering factors and symptom profiles. Results: The analysis revealed that 85.7% (12/14) of MPI cases occurred in school settings, while 7.1% (1/14) was reported to occur in a hospital and 7.1% (1/14) in an office environment. In schools, emotional vulnerability among adolescents, academic stress, misinformation dissemination and group interactions emerged as primary triggers. In contrast, environmental perceptions and dramatic interventions were prominent in hospital and office cases. The most frequently reported physical symptoms included nausea, headaches and dizziness, while psychical symptoms such as anxiety and panic were less common. Notably, MPI cases were more prevalent among female students. Conclusion: MPI is predominantly observed in school environments, driven by stress, misinformation and social contagion. Being less frequent in adult-oriented settings, its presence reflects distinct dynamics rather than immunity. The study highlights the critical role of organizational culture and leadership in preventing MPI. Strengthening psychosocial support systems, implementing stress management and fostering transparent communication within institutions can mitigate MPI risks.

Aim: The glymphatic system is a recently discovered waste drainage system that facilitates the movement of cerebrospinal fluid through the brain’s perivascular spaces and aids in removing soluble proteins. The Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI-ALPS) index analysis is a modern method used to evaluate the movement of water molecules in these spaces by measuring the diffusion coefficient. This study aimed to examine glymphatic system function in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients compared to healthy controls (HC) using the DTI-ALPS method and to analyze its relationship with cognitive disorders. Methods:DTI data from 59 AD patients and 59 HC were obtained by downloading medical data from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) platform. Using DSI Studio software, the diffusivities of the DTI data were extracted, and DTI-ALPS indices were calculated. Correlation analysis evaluated the relationship between the DTI-ALPS index and clinical features. Results:The findings indicated that the DTI-ALPS index was significantly lower in AD patients compared to HC (p = 0.042). Furthermore, the DTI-ALPS index showed a significant correlation with the Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ) (r = -0.214, p = 0.020) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) (r = 0.225, p = 0.014). Conclusions:The study demonstrated that AD individuals have impaired glymphatic system function, as indicated by the DTIALPS index, which correlates with worse cognitive performance. These findings support early diagnosis methods for AD. A better understanding of glymphatic system function may provide new perspectives for monitoring AD progression.

Aim: This study aimed to enhance conscious awareness of respiratory control in panic disorder patients to prevent panic attacks. Materials and Method: Thirty participants (aged 18–65) diagnosed with panic disorder were recruited from NP Istanbul Brain Hospital and NP Istanbul Medical Center. They were divided into two groups: one received only psychoeducation on breathing techniques, while the other received psychoeducation combined with visual biofeedback (Galvanic Skin Resistance, heart rate, respiratory depth, and skin temperature). Breathing training was conducted over four weeks, and outcomes were assessed using the Panic Agoraphobia Scale, State and Trait Anxiety Scale, and biofeedback metrics. Result: Both groups showed significant improvements in Panic Agoraphobia Scale scores and reductions in State and Trait Anxiety scores. The biofeedback group demonstrated more pronounced improvements in respiratory control, with significantly lower breathing rates in the final assessment. Conclusion: Respiratory biofeedback combined with psychoeducation effectively improves respiratory control and reduces anxiety symptoms in panic disorder patients.

Aim: Social anxiety is a prevalent concern during emerging adulthood and is often associated with heightened sensitivity to rejection and negative self-perceptions. This study examines the mediating role of body image in the relationship between rejection sensitivity and social anxiety among emerging adults. Materials and Methods: A total of 300 participants aged 18-29 completed measures assessing rejection sensitivity, body image, and social anxiety. Results: Findings suggest that individuals with high rejection sensitivity are more likely to experience negative body image, which in turn increases their levels of social anxiety. Body image emerged as a significant mediator, indicating that emerging adults who are more sensitive to social rejection may internalize these experiences as negative self-evaluations, particularly regarding their physical appearance. Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of addressing body image concerns in interventions aimed at reducing social anxiety, particularly for individuals prone to rejection sensitivity. Understanding this mediation pathway may provide insights for developing more targeted approaches to support mental health during the transition to adulthood.

Aim: Parental childhood traumas significantly influence their parenting styles. This study examines the relationship between childhood neglect and abuse experienced by Generation Y parents and their parental attitudes. Materials and Method: A total of 106 participants (60 women, 46 men) aged 25–40 years completed the Sociodemographic Information Form, Parental Attitude Scale (PAS), and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Data collection was conducted online following ethical approval. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 24.0. Results: Emotional abuse and neglect were positively correlated with authoritarian and permissive parental attitudes. Conversely, a negative correlation was observed between emotional neglect and democratic attitudes. Income level, marital status, and self-harm history significantly influenced CTQ and PAS scores, with authoritarian attitudes being higher in women and younger parents. Conclusions: Childhood traumas are intergenerational and extend beyond individual experiences, influencing societal structures. Addressing trauma requires holistic community interventions. Future studies should expand on how unresolved parental traumas shape generational outcomes.

Aim: Resting-state gamma oscillations, less studied compared to task-related gamma activity, have increasingly been considered to reflect baseline cognitive processes and readiness for future cognitive demands. Previous research has largely focused on clinical populations, identifying aberrant gamma activity as a marker of cognitive dysfunction in conditions such as schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s disease, and ADHD. This study investigates the relationship between resting-state EEG gamma power and neuropsychological performance in healthy adults. Specifically, it examines the associations between absolute and relative gamma power across different brain regions (frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital) during resting-state and performance in cognitive domains such as working memory, verbal fluency, face recognition, short-term memory, and attention. Material and Methods: A total of 45 healthy individuals who underwent routine neuropsychiatric evaluations at NP Istanbul Brain Hospital and exhibited no pathological findings were included in the study. Resting-state EEG data, collected retrospectively, were analyzed to extract gamma power values, which were subsequently correlated with neuropsychological test scores. Results: The results revealed significant positive correlations between relative gamma power in the frontal and parietal regions and verbal fluency performance. This association suggests that specific brain regions contribute uniquely to cognitive functions during resting states, with gamma power providing insight into the neural substrates of language-related abilities. Conclusion: These findings highlight the relevance of resting-state gamma power in understanding individual differences in cognitive abilities. Future research should validate these findings with larger, more diverse samples and incorporate advanced techniques like MEG to better understand the neural mechanisms linking gamma oscillations to cognitive performance.

Aim: The study's long-term goals, such as determining supratherapeutic ranges according to age distributions
specific to the country, adjusting dosages for additional drugs used by patients in different disease
groups, and providing the opportunity for etiological studies in the light of diagnosis and drug metabolism
perspective, are of great importance in defining the study. Method: Population pharmacokinetics is a
method expressed to evaluate processes such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of a
drug from an individual's blood-plasma concentration. In drug pharmacokinetic experiments, generating
data without considering any pharmacokinetic differences among patients prevents the measurement or
observation of variability among individuals in the population as a simple approach. The dose-concentration
relationship is crucial for individualized dose adjustment. Additionally, the impact of other drugs used
by the individual on metabolite levels and the metabolic interactions between drugs play a critical role in
the development of personalized treatments. Population approaches provide a foundation that benefits the
observation of these effects. The variability in drug metabolism among individuals forms one of the fundamental
building blocks of personalized treatment approaches, specifically through Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
(TDM), which plays an important role in determining the therapeutic range of drugs. Materials:
In this study, drug metabolism findings of patients served at NP Istanbul Brain Hospital between 2010 and
2022 were examined within the repository created along with other patient-specific parameters. Results
and Conclusion: The analysis results have been followed up longitudinally, partially demographically,
and retrospectively. Thanks to the repository of NP Istanbul Brain Hospital, population pharmacokinetic
analyses aimed in this study are being conducted for the first time globally and nationally in terms of
scope. The repository has been studied with TDM for individualized treatment methods, and within this
project, it is anticipated to perform phenotyping with the population pharmacokinetic approach.

Background: Lead acetate (Pb) exposure during frontal cortex development is associated with developmental
toxicity later in life, causing both morphological and functional alterations. Curcuma longa,
however, has been suggested to possess neuroprotective qualities that could lessen these adverse effects.
Objective: Assessed the frontal cortex following treatment with Curcuma longa. Materials and Methods:
Twenty adult female Wistar rats and ten adult male Wistar rats were matched during the proestrous phase
of the estrous cycle in order to mate and create five groups of six (n=6) in a 4:2 (4 females to 2 males)
ratio. Gestational day 0 was marked as the confirmation of pregnancy based on if sperm is present and a
vaginal plug in the vaginal smear. Four (n=4) pregnant Wistar rats were put together. Group 1 (control) rats
were given 2 milliliters per kilogram of distilled water. Pb was given at a dose of 120 mg/kg to Group 2.
Group 3 rats were given 120 mg/kg of lead and 100 mg/kg of vitamin C. The animals in Group 4 received
750 mg/kg of Curcuma longa and 120 mg/kg of Pb. The animals in Group 5 rats were given 1500 mg/kg
of Curcuma longa and 120 mg/kg of Pb. From gestational day 7 to day 21 (14 days), the medication was
administered orally. The animals were allowed to litter naturally. At postnatal day (PND) 1, some pups
were euthanized using chloroform inhalation and their brains were harvested for Oxidative stress markers,
histology, histochemical assessments. While some pups were kept for Cliff avoidance test at PND 4-7.
Results: The study found that lead acetate (Pb) exposure during gestation significantly decreased the mean
turning latency in the cliff avoidance test and increased lipid peroxidation (MDA) levels, while decreasing
antioxidant enzyme levels (SOD, CAT, GSH) compared to the control group. These neurological and oxidative
changes were mitigated by co-administration of Curcuma longa, with a notable improvement in the
cliff avoidance test performance and restoration of the altered histological and histochemical markers. The
results suggest that Curcuma longa, a natural antioxidant, has neuroprotective properties that can counteract
the adverse effects of lead toxicity during gestational development. Conclusion: N-Butanol Fraction
of Curcuma Longa ameliorated lead-induced neurotoxicity in rat pups.

Background: Benzodiazepines (BZDs) are a class of depressant drugs that have enjoyed widespread use
in conventional clinical management of anxiety-related conditions such as panic disorders that require
therapeutic central relaxation and sedation. Meanwhile, prolonged administration of benzodiazepines even
at low doses has however been linked to variety of undesirable effects such as discontinuation relapse with
the associated risk of abuse and dependency. Aim: This study investigated the behavioral, histological
and biochemical outcomes of long-term low dose diazepam use and explored the potential role of nigella
sativa oil (NSO) in the amelioration of the associated side effects. Methods: Adult Wistar rats (n=32)
were randomized into four groups that received normal saline; diazepam; diazepam + NSO; or NSO only,
respectively for 14 days. At the end of the period of the various exposures, the rats were taken through
behavioral paradigms after which they were sacrificed for chemical and histological profiling. Results:
diazepam-exposed rats exhibited stress-related manifestations with relatively poor performance in memory-
related tasks. Repeated diazepam ingestion reduced brain antioxidant biomarkers while causing elevation
of brain oxidative stress markers. On histological observation, mild degenerative changes were evident
in the various brain regions of the diazepam-exposed rats. Conclusion: Interventional nigella sativa oil
administration showed therapeutic potentials by mitigating and reversing the observed effects of diazepam,
largely due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects as observed in the present study.