Investigation of the human genome involves the examination of many factors such as gene function,
structural features of the genome, chromatin arrangement, recombination rate, and mutation to
accurately understand its complex relationship with physiology and diseases. With the sequencing
of the human genome, there is an increasing number of studies investigating the influence of genes
during the development of behavior and personality traits. Studies show that complex behavior and
traits are regulated by multiple genes. In this sense, genes that affect the dopamine pathway are
studied in relation to the field of neuroscience. Studies on sports genetics include all of the studies
in this field, such as the identification of genes that affect athletic performance, the elucidation of the
mechanisms of action of these genes, and the determination of predispositions in terms of athletic
performance. Considering the factors that determine success in sports, it is of great importance to
create training and nutrition programs suitable for genetic structure not only in individual sports but
also in team sports. This study will be presented as a review of the associations in the literature about
catechol‑O‑methyltransferase, 5‑hydroxytryptamine transporter, and monoamine oxidase, known in
the literature as candidate genes that affect the personality and behavioral characteristics of athletes
and are especially related to aggression.

Over the years, there has been an increase in research on parkinsonism in basic and translational
neuroscience. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder vehemently
associated with motor function deficits and other unique features collectively called the Parkinsonian
triad, which slightly differs from other movement disorders such as Wilson’s disease, tardive
dyskinesia, chorea, and athetosis. Parkinsonian triad combines three major motor phenotypes of PD
including bradykinesia, rigidity, and resting tremors. Hence, there is a need to review motor deficits
protocols to create a set of behavioral protocols that critically address the parkinsonian triad’s
quantification in PD models. Literature search on Medline and PubMed was conducted to access
the articles on the motor function test in a rodent model of Parkinsonism. Search terms include
parkinsonism, parkinsonian triad, bradykinesia, rigidity, resting tremors, stepping test, parallel bar
test, pole test, and cylinder test. This review shows that bradykinesia characterized by difficulty in
movement initiation could be assessed using a stepping test by measuring stepping length and time
taken to initiate movement on a wooden ramp. It can also be assessed using a parallel bar test by
measuring the time taken to make 90° turn. This turning hesitation is one of the critical features of
akinesia. Rigidity is associated with an increase in muscle tone; it is assessed by using a pole test to
measure the time taken for the rodent to slide down a smooth pole. Resting tremors is an involuntary,
oscillatory movement of the distal part of the upper limb when not performing an action. It could be
graded using a cylinder test when the rodent suspends its forelimb on the air in an attempt to climb
the wall of the cylinder. In conclusion, the examinations and quantifications of the Parkinsonian triad
are required to diagnose parkinsonism in rodent models.